Marine fire protection demands sophisticated understanding of heat-activated sprinkler heads, pressure systems, and regulatory compliance that distinguish shipboard installations from land-based applications. Maritime environments create unique challenges requiring corrosion-resistant components, seawater compatibility, and integration with vessel fire mains.

Professional maritime engineers must navigate complex SOLAS requirements, FSS Code specifications, and classification society standards while designing systems that protect lives, cargo, and vessel assets through reliable automatic fire suppression capabilities.

Ship fire suppression systems are regulated by international bodies like the IMO and national authorities to ensure safety, with requirements for design, equipment, and maintenance. Key regulations include the use of approved systems like fixed fire-extinguishing units, proper installation with warning signs, dual-control release mechanisms for systems like carbon dioxide, pre-discharge alarms, evacuation procedures, and specific requirements for certain areas like galley deep-fat cooking equipment.

General regulations and standards

• International Maritime Organization (IMO): Sets international standards for fire safety equipment, placement, and crew training.

• National Regulations: Countries implement their own versions of these rules, such as the UK's Merchant Shipping (Fire Protection) Regulations, which cover various aspects of fire safety.

• SOLAS: The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) provides the basis for regulations concerning fire safety on ships. 

System-specific requirements

• Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Systems:

Warning signs must be posted at the entrances to CO2 cylinder rooms and protected spaces.

Spaces must be evacuated before discharge.

Pre-discharge warning sirens are required.

Releasing stations must use two separate controls to prevent accidental discharge.

• Fixed Fire-Extinguishing Systems:

Required for certain machinery spaces and other areas, depending on the ship type and size.

For example, a fixed water-based system with monitors is required for weather decks carrying vehicles on passenger ships built after January 1, 2026.

Procedures and training

• Regular Testing: Fire detectors and manual call points should be tested periodically.

• Crew Training: Crews must be trained to operate fire-fighting equipment efficiently.

• Maintenance: Regular maintenance is crucial to ensure the system's efficiency and longevity.

• Evacuation: Procedures for evacuation before the discharge of extinguishing agents must be followed.